Monday, 24 November 2025

Geography Geek Christmas Quiz

For the last 15 years, Helen Young has been producing a Christmas / End of year Quiz.

And this year's quiz has now been released... and is available to download free of charge...

Thanks very much as always to Helen for providing me with the final lesson of the calendar year...

Saturday, 15 November 2025

AI - spot the errors

I've made a thing with Google's Gemini Storybook maker. 

This was inspired by some work shared by languages consultant Joe Dale, who I have known for many years.

Apologies for the energy and water wasted to create it. It wasn't worth it...

The idea was that this would be an introduction for Year 7's unit on 'Geographies of Home' and the students would be asked to critique the narrative that Gemini chose to include. The prompt included the idea that the students common home would be the Earth but they would also 

If you follow the link above you will see some fairly obvious 'issues' I hope....

For me, this is yet another example of the problems with educators choosing to use AI to create resources:

- it's lazy

- it produces an output that is generic in style and look

- it's not accurate

A phrase I've heard before is that AI is "confidently wrong". Many more explorations to come over the next few years with the EMOGI project.

Sharing the blog on Substack

I've been sharing my blogs over on my Substack Newsletter. This comes out weekly and provides an update on blog posts, projects, news, books, images and events linked to geography.


Subscribe here.

Friday, 14 November 2025

Heading South

Around this time, it is worth keeping an eye on the Marine Traffic website. This shows the movement of shipping using the AIS trackers which vessels have to have switched on to plot their position.

Zoom down to the waters off the Antarctic Peninsula and you will see them start to come to life as the austral summer arrives, pack ice melts and the research vessels and tourist ships start to head south. You may also see trawlers out to catch krill, and other vessels.


See what you can spot. 

There were quite a few Viking Cruise Line ships there earlier, and the BAS research vessel Sir David Attenborough.

Wednesday, 5 November 2025

Curriculum and Assessment Review

We finally have the outcome of the Curriculum and Assessment Review with the publication of the final report today. Many thousands of educators have been waiting for months.

In July 2024, the government commissioned Professor Becky Francis CBE to convene and chair a panel of experts to conduct the Curriculum and Assessment Review.

The report has taken on board the many consultation responses from individuals and organisations.

These are available in a summary document which is separate to the main final report - this is also worth looking at.

The RGS's original response to the call for consultation is here. It was referenced in the final report, along with the GA's, and reports from UCL's Centre for Climate Change and Sustainability Education.

The report has been almost a year in the making, and runs to 197 pages.

The recommendations for Geography are as follows:

We recommend that the Government: 

Makes minor refinements to the Geography Programmes of Study and GCSE subject content to respond to the issues identified, including by: 

• Refining content to support progression better to further study, deepen children and young people’s understanding of key geographical concepts, make content more relevant and inclusive, and remove unnecessary repetition across topics. 

• Embedding disciplinary knowledge more explicitly at Key Stage 3, such as geographical enquiry, spatial reasoning, use of digital tools, human  geography and use of evidence, to ensure all children and young people have access to high-quality geographical education. 

• Clarifying and reinforcing requirements for fieldwork to demonstrate its role more effectively in supporting content and the developing of disciplinary knowledge, ensuring changes remain proportionate and inclusive. 

Embeds climate change and sustainability more explicitly across different key stages, including across the physical geography, geographical applications and human geography sections of the curriculum, ensuring early, coherent, and more detailed engagement with climate education. This should be done without risking curriculum overload. 

There is also an element of media literacy here for climate change education in particular, where there is a lot of misinformation and disinformation. There is a need for pupils to be aware of AI and its value and issues.

There is also mention of the need for diversity and for all students to "see themselves in the curriculum" - something which I was particularly keen to see.

And these will ultimately form part of changes to the national curriculum (will this be compulsory for all schools?) and GCSE subject criteria. These will be consulted on again and no changes will happen before 2028 in any case.

On the purpose of the review itself:

National curriculum content must be kept up to date, fit for purpose and reflective of the needs of wider society. Periodic holistic reviews of the national curriculum are therefore essential for ensuring these aims are achieved, as well as for maintaining overall curriculum coherence. Reviews are also a valuable mechanism for addressing curriculum shape in the round. Reviews can evaluate whether the breadth and depth of different subjects and their content remains appropriate, as well as determining the overarching aims of schooling and the time needed for the different activities required to meet these aims. Reviews can also address the build-up of content in particular areas to ensure that the curriculum remains deliverable for teachers and ambitious for students.

The Oak National Academy is also mentioned as being further involved in the development of curriculum materials which are up to date.


The DfE has responded to the Curriculum review and that is published here. This is just over 60 pages long and has a little more useful detail on the implications.

We agree with the Review that the national curriculum and the resources that support it, should reflect our modern society and diverse communities. Our aim is for the curriculum to be both a mirror, in which every child can see themselves and their communities reflected, and a window through which every child is connected to the world beyond their existing horizons and perspectives

On the topic of GCSE Natural History

Equipping children and young people to thrive in a rapidly changing world therefore means enabling them to understand and meet the global challenge that climate change presents. We will take the opportunity to enhance the climate education content which is already present in the national curriculum, in the subjects of geography, science and citizenship. We will also include sustainability within the design and technology (D&T) programme of study and sustainable practices within the citizenship primary curriculum. We agree with the Review that key concepts on climate education should be introduced earlier in the curriculum and will ensure that the relevant programmes of study contain this at primary level. We also want to go further on this and ensure that more people can engage with and develop respect for the natural world.
 
We will therefore consult on the subject content for the natural history GCSE, as confirmed earlier this year.

The Review noted that changes to curriculum content are only part of the picture and that teaching also has an important part to play through the use of climate-related examples and resources to teach existing curriculum content. The National Education Nature Park, funded by DfE, has a website which hosts free resources and activities for all education phases across a wide range of subjects. These are aligned to the curriculum and quality assured by experts, giving educators trusted information that allows them to teach about sustainability and climate change with confidence, in subjects where climate education is a core part of the curriculum content and in other subjects.

On the topic of Geography

We agree with the Review that the subject does not need significant change, and we will update and refine the programme of study and GCSE subject content with modest changes, to support pupils and teachers. As recommended, changes will support a better understanding of the disciplinary requirements in the national curriculum and in the GCSE, ensure the content is updated where needed, including in relation to climate education, and clarify and integrate the fieldwork requirements. We will also improve the GCSE subject content to support better progression, deepen understanding and remove unnecessary repetition across topics.

Some videos have also been produced on LinkedIn featuring Becky Francis.

"We will follow the curriculum principles of coherence, subject mastery and depth – making sure that programmes of study and subject content are grounded in relevant and important knowledge and disciplinary skills."

A document with some notes I put together today has been shared on Scribd. See the bottom of the post.

Others have shared their thoughts on LinkedIn, or Substack (such as Mark Enser).

There will also be a fully digital and easily navigable version of the national curriculum - we will create a rich, connected online version of the curriculum which visually represents the links within and between subject areas and gives connections to prior learning, helping teachers to contextualise learning across traditional subject boundaries in the classroom. 
Some final initial thoughts:

When a long-awaited Government document such as this appears there will be lots of different perspectives on it: from teachers to senior leaders, to those working in Trusts (who will need to adapt what they teach). 

As the Review recommends, we intend to retain a single national curriculum which serves as a core entitlement which every pupil can access. We are legislating through the Children’s Wellbeing and Schools Bill so that academies will be required to teach the refreshed national curriculum alongside maintained schools. This will ensure that parents and carers have certainty over the core concepts in their child’s education and that there is a floor beneath which this cannot slip. The national curriculum is not the entire curriculum but an underpinning of what every child is entitled to know, which schools build on locally. Schools will continue to remain responsible for deciding how their school curriculum brings those core concepts to life in their choices of historical events, physical and human geography, and novels, for example. This will allow them to create dynamic learning environments where pupils can flourish. 

From those who feel too much has changed to those who don't think the changes have gone long enough.
Some involved in climate change education will be pleased to see it referenced several times, others will feel it doesn't go far enough.
Some commentators e.g. the Daily Mail will see it's mentions of diversity, social justice and students 'seeing themselves in the curriculum' as lacking the 'rigour' that was promised in the previous iteration. 
Some will say that achieving the aims for some will be possible, but not perhaps 'for all'?
Some will ask where the money is coming from.
Some will focus on the assessment element of the review and question
Some will delve into the data that was included in the review and question some of the findings.
Some will be interested in the wording of "nature and adventure".
Some will ask about the continuing lack of take-up for GIS despite the availability of free tools such as ArcGIS and its related apps.
Some will be thinking about the place of AI in this...
Some will be considering the powerful pedagogies (echoing the work of Margaret Roberts) that are required to turn the words on the page of new documentation into the enacted curriculum. I've written about that before.

"Music excites when it is performed" - Benjamin Britten

Some will say nothing today as there is much to emerge over the next two years ahead of any impact in schools.
Some will wonder about the impact on option numbers and job security, or the state of the teaching workforce.
Some will not know any of this is happening because they're getting on with the day job... and that's fine...

What are you thinking?

Here's an implementation timeline...


Pearson are one of the Awarding bodies, and they have responded already.
Others will respond over the coming months.

The RGS and the GA will swing into action once things become clearer to support geography teachers through the changes ahead.
Thanks in advance to everyone who is going to be involved in that work.

Curriculum and Assessment Review Report by Alan Parkinson

Thursday, 16 October 2025

Mukuru Clean Stoves - Hopeful Geographies

Mukuru Stoves is a company that is based in Ghana and is an excellent story of African innovation. It was founded by a woman called Charlot Magayi.

This is an inspiring story of resilience and perseverence.

This Conversation piece talks about the lack of clean fuels for the clean energy transition.

The stoves were one of the winners of the Earthshot Prize in 2022.

I have been using these stoves as an example of hopeful geographies. One woman has changed the lives of millions already through the sales of her stoves as well as the jobs created in manufacturing and selling the stoves and their fuel, which is made from agricultural waste in one of the designs.

Check out the website and the story.

Here's a worksheet that I used with Year 8 to help them interrogate the story.

Mukuru Clean Stoves by Alan Parkinson

Watch the video here too

Friday, 10 October 2025

New out

The 34th book that has been published that I have been involved in creating.

My author copy has just arrived.

It's an anthology book, pulled together by Jennifer Monk and Catherine Owen. It features a whole range of people writing about different aspects of the subject.

Introduction – why this, why now?

1. What is geography? - this is the bit that I wrote.

2. Where has geographical enquiry taken me?
3. Writing a key stage 3 geography curriculum from scratch
4. Lesson planning in geography
5. Assessment at key stage 3
6. Purposeful feedback
7. Questioning in geography
8. Where does fieldwork fit in the 11–14 geography curriculum?
9. Using homework to add breadth and depth to the curriculum
10. Incorporating geographical skills within a curriculum
11. Making GIS ‘part of the furniture’ for the teaching of geography
12. Using models in the geography classroom
13. Oracy strategies to improve geographical writing
14. Literacy in geography
15. Writing like a geographer
16. Choosing and using case studies
17. Supporting students with SEND in geography
18. Teaching ‘disadvantaged’ students
19. Retrieval practice in geography
20. Using Instagram and an iPad to engage students
21. Leading a geography department
22. Supporting geography early career teachers
23. Supporting non-specialists to teach geography
24. One approach to key stage 2 geography - Moat Farm Junior School
25. Thinking synoptically in the A-level geography classroom
26. Teaching careers in geography
27. The wonder of physical geography
28. The diagram, the visualiser and the vignette: How to teach about the multiplier effect
29. Exploring gender in the secondary geography classroom
30. Geography … is it queer?
31. Why voices matter now
32. The power of storytelling in geography: a decolonial perspective
33. What is geography teaching today as a Black British geography teacher?
34. How can we make our UK geography content less England-centric?
35. Lantinx visibility
36. Environmental Education: An integrated approach
37. Climate change, super wicked problems and antifragility
38. At and beyond the chalkface: the role of the geography teacher in the age of climate crisis
39. Who owns the Earth? Property rights and environmental conflict
40. Hopeful geography

In Chapter 1, I try to answer an important question for geographers:



My copy was published by Hachette (John Catt) in 2025

Paperback, 448pp

ISBN: 978-1-0360-0485-9

Crisepac

Crisepac is a project involving Eurogeo.

The website is here. It includes a free-to-play digital game.



This deals with the pedagogy around teaching about climate change and natural hazards. 

This will have a bearing on an ERASMUS+ project I am about to start called EMOGI. 
More on this in a recent post.



Here's a description of the project:

Dive into an immersive video game dedicated to flood risk prevention. You are a resident of a high-risk flood zone. It's up to you to anticipate and protect yourself from the rising waters. There's no room for error or your home will end up underwater...CRISEPAC project offers an intuitive and attractive online tool called MOOC which has free access for teachers and education professionals. This MOOC is developed around 9 modules and videos that explore the theme of natural risk in Europe:

The module topics are:
  • Why is it needed and important to teach about risks and disasters in class
  • Definitions: Risks, Hazards, Disasters - Disasters related to Climate Change
  • Risk memory
  • Risk typology
  • Natural Risk, Natural Hazards and Natural Disasters
  • Man-made risk, Man-made hazards and Man-made Disasters
  • Consequences and Impact of Risk
  • Disaster Preparation and Disaster Prevention
  • Information and public preparedness

Wednesday, 8 October 2025

Choose Geography

Choose Geography is an annual supplement which is included with 'Geographical Magazine' each year.

This year, the Education team at the RGS have been more closely connected with the production of the supplement: the new Gatsby Benchmarks are a real focus for their work.

Take a look online here if you aren't a subscriber to the physical edition of the magazine.



Friday, 3 October 2025

Coastcraft - now out on Minecraft Education

This is a project which I worked on through 2024 and into 2025.

It's finally out there for you to download and play. 

And we can finally share it as it's had the official Government Press Release today!!

You'll need the Education version of Minecraft - which is free to download in various formats. The project is also free to download.

CoastCraft places the player in the role of managing the coast and making decisions for the needs of the community and the environment. The player can explore and visualise the future impacts of the decisions made and evaluate varying approaches to managing the coast.

CoastCraft is an educational game designed for students aged 9-14 (in England - Upper Primary Key stage 2 and lower secondary key stage 3.). 
This game transports players to the coastal town of Bude in North Cornwall, modelled in Minecraft Education™ by BlockBuilders. Playing CoastCraft introduces students to the dynamic processes shaping coastal areas and challenges them to make decisions that balance the needs of various stakeholders while protecting the environment.

It was great to work with Tom Collins and colleagues from the Environment Agency. I learned a great deal from the coastal experts that were also involved in the project.



Learning objectives
General

  • Learn about the features of coastal landscapes along with coastal processes.
  • Understand the characteristics of sand dune ecosystems, sand dune succession and how sand dunes are used as a nature-based solution for flooding and coastal erosion.
  • Explore a range of coastal management strategies to respond to predicted changes resulting from climate change and sea level rise.
  • Explore and visualise a range of potential futures influenced by the interactions with communities and stakeholders and the choices made by coastal managers.
Stage 1: Mini-games
Mini-game 1: Storm Tower Erosion:
1. Learn about the processes of weathering and erosion acting on the coast.
2. Understand the impacts of coastal erosion on people and the environment.

Mini-game 2: Dune Rollback and Succession:
1. Learn about the processes of sand dune formation.
2. Understand the characteristics of sand dune ecosystems, the process of sand dune succession and how healthy dune ecosystems develop.
3. Learn how sand dunes are used as a nature-based solution for flooding and erosion at the coast.


Stage 2: Main Game
1. Understand the concept of sustainability in relation to sustainable decision making in coastal locations.
2. Learn about the strategies and complexities of coastal management and how experts make informed decisions to manage coastal challenges.
3. Model how climate change, physical processes, and human decision-making interact to shape and transform coastal landscapes over time.
4. Explore and visualise a range of potential futures influenced by the interactions with communities, stakeholders and the choices made by coastal managers.


Please refer to the CoastCraft Teachers Pack in Supporting Files for more information. 

I worked on this and I'm really pleased with how it's turned out. Here's the front cover. This can be downloaded from the link above and acts as a guide to coastal erosion as well as providing guidance on how the game works.




Finally, here's an excellent video guide made by Block Builders.


This follows on from the Rivercraft projects that I worked on previously. They are also on the Minecraft Education website.


Some quotes from the press release...

Caroline Douglass, Executive Director for Flood and Coastal Risk Management at the Environment Agency, said:

Coastal erosion is a natural and ongoing process and England’s coastline has never been static, but we know climate change is increasing the risks.

CoastCraft inspires young people to use their creativity to experiment with solutions to real world problems within the virtual Minecraft world, ensuring the next generation has the knowledge they need to face challenges now and in the future.

Floods Minister Emma Hardy said:

As a former teacher, I’m thrilled that CoastCraft will help young people understand the impacts of our changing climate, empowering a new generation of scientists.

This virtual Minecraft world brings coastal change in communities like Cornwall to life, to show how the risk of flooding and coastal erosion is increasing due to climate change.

We’re investing a record £7.9 billion in capital funding over 10 years to better protect these coastal communities and are committed to making sure flood risk management is fit for the challenges we face now and in the future.

Loic Rich, Cornwall Council’s cabinet member for environment and climate change, said:

We’re really proud that our coastal community of Bude serves as the backdrop to this innovative game that teaches young people about coastal and flood resilience.

We want to say a big thank you to students at Sir James Smith School in Camelford and Windmill Hill Academy in Launceston, both of whom worked with our climate adaptation team to help develop and test CoastCraft which can now be played by young people across the globe.

Pity our contribution didn't get a mention...

Wednesday, 24 September 2025

Antarctic Flag Competition 2025

This is a very popular competition and it has now reopened for entries for 2025.

It's organised by the UK Polar Network and run by Fiona Sheriff and Rose Haycock this year.

Due to capacity with the scientists who take the flags south, only 350 schools can sign up this year.


You will need to register promptly if you want to take part.

Two flags per school will travel to the continent and receive a photo and certificate to prove they got there.

Year 8 at my school will have the chance to submit a flag for judging.

Wednesday, 3 September 2025

Get your ticket to Antarctica

It's time to sign up to take part in the British Antarctic Survey's 'Ticket to Antarctica' project. 

We will be following with Year 8.

Here are the details:

  • Your name will go on a journey to the frozen wilderness!

  • New project seeks to inspire, educate and entertain the public about Antarctica.

  • Do you dream of visiting Antarctica? Well, now’s your chance to follow a journey to the frozen continent – according to the naturalist and broadcaster Sir David Attenborough.
Ticket to Antarctica invites the public to follow an adventure to Antarctica aboard the UK’s Royal Research Ship Sir David Attenborough. Last year 70 000 people signed up!

People can sign up at tickettoantarctica.co.uk to add their name to a time capsule that will travel thousands of miles on the research ship to the UK’s Rothera Research Station in Antarctica, operated by British Antarctic Survey (BAS).

As well as receiving a souvenir digital ‘ticket’ featuring campaign character Pebble Penguin, there will be weekly email updates from the voyage.

Here's a video to tell you more:

Friday, 22 August 2025

Everyday Primary Geographies

A great new GA blog post from Jon Cannell outlining the many ways that Primary geography teachers can take confidence in their ability by being able to articulate the many ways that we (and young students) encounter geography in their everyday lives.


As Jon says, as geographers:

"we help connect, link, join and attach real world meaning to many of our lessons through sharing our experiences of people and place, making use of our personal geographies."

Thursday, 14 August 2025

Planet Planners on Roblox

 

Roblox is a very popular game. For several years, Helen Young has been working with the BBC and several companies to produce some immersive geographical experiences based on the game engine to add to BBC Bitesize's offerings for students.



Details were published here of the results of all that work.


Planet Planners on Roblox is a new geography game from BBC Bitesize delivering learning mapped to the KS3 geography curriculum (and equivalent) in an immersive and engaging way.

Planet Planners on Roblox offers a new way for students aged 11-14 to learn about some of the world’s most pressing challenges – from preparing for natural disasters to managing large cities.

A decision-making game with geographical thinking at its core, Planet Planners on Roblox develops essential skills like teamwork, time management, resilience, critical thinking and strategic planning as well as an understanding of human and physical geography.

It is accessed via Roblox – an immersive platform for 3D experiences. 

To learn more about Roblox and how it can be used in education, visit Get started with Roblox Education [External link].

To learn more about game-based learning and how it can support your students, read our article: What is game-based learning and how can it benefit your students?

Within the game students can learn about human and physical geography by making decisions in real-world locations.
  • Play solo or collaborate in group play mode.
  • Aim to balance the economy, environment and social health, whilst remaining in budget.
  • Make choices through voting and actively engage in activities such as gathering data, building and packing supplies.
  • Receive a star for each metric if they perform well and stay within budget.
  • See and feel the impact of their choices through changes to the environment and core metrics.
  • Receive a report at the end of the scenario showing how they performed and outlining key decisions made.
  • Replay scenarios multiple times, encouraging reflection and exploration of different options and perspectives.

Within the game, there are 6 topics, with 12 individual scenarios to choose from. 

The links below will take you to teacher notes for the relevant scenario. I helped to shape these.


Weather and climate: Extreme weather | Low-income country (LIC) climate change [Coming autumn 2025]
Population and migration: Increasing immigration | Dealing with emigration [Coming autumn 2025]
Food and water: Producing food | Conserving water [Coming autumn 2025]

I had a play earlier with the coastal erosion scenario.
You're dropped into a coastal village which is very nicely created. Here's just part of it...


You have to chat to NPCs and make decisions based around a budget and decide whether to act immediately or wait...

Here's my feedback for my first attempt, where I lost a bit of time due to unfamiliarity with how Roblox works... I didn't do too badly on my scores and made some reasonable choices, but unfortunately ran out of budget...



I can of course go back and play it again to try to improve my score - and spend a little less.

Why not install Roblox and give it a go?